Reducing Sickness and Absence: The Effectiveness of Managers

......................................................................................................................... II CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1 Research Background ................................................................................................. 1 Problem Statement ...................................................................................................... 3 Research Objectives .................................................................................................... 5 Research Question ...................................................................................................... 5 PICO Model .................................................................................................................. 5 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................ 6 Introduction................................................................................................................... 6 Employee Health Issues .............................................................................................. 7 Sickness Absenteeism ................................................................................................. 9 Absenteeism through Stress .............................................................................. 11 Sickness Absence (SA) in Health Care .................................................................... 13 Factors Responsible for Sickness Absenteeism....................................................... 16 Common Perception ........................................................................................... 16 Negative Work Environments............................................................................. 17 Overtime Duties .................................................................................................. 17 Staffing Problems ............................................................................................... 18 Characteristics of the Work ................................................................................ 19 Features of the Organizations ............................................................................ 19 Concepts of Management Effectiveness .................................................................. 20 Effectiveness of Manager in Reducing Sickness and Absence ............................... 22 Models of Employee Absenteeism ............................................................................ 24 Economic Model Absenteeism ........................................................................... 24 Absenteeism Psychosocial Model ..................................................................... 25 Medical Model Absenteeism .............................................................................. 25 Absenteeism and Organizational Withdrawal .................................................... 26